![]() The main participants of the concentrate markets are mines supplying the product on the market and smelters and refineries, for which the concentrates are materials for production. As a result of metallurgical processes copper is produced as well as the by-products of processing (mainly precious metals, sulphuric acid, lead etc.). The cost of transporting products with a lower copper content (for example copper ore) basically eliminates them from trade in the global market (with certain exceptions), therefore it may be assumed that copper concentrate is the first product of processing copper ore that may be generally traded. Usually, copper content in concentrate varies from percentages in the teens to several tens of percent, which enables further processing in copper smelters and refineries. It allows setting of a market price for a product which takes into account its processing stage, its physical state and chemical makeup, as well as costs of transport and insurance to an agreed delivery destination and the current availability of the metal in a given location.Ĭopper concentrate is a product made by processing/enriching copper ore, which usually has a relatively low metal content and is not suitable for direct metallurgical processing. all types of copper-bearing materials like copper concentrates, copper scrap or more processed products like copper wire rod), market participants have developed a premium and discount system, which adjusts stock quotations. In order to be able to apply stock exchange prices to purchase/sale transactions of the products to which this quality standard is not applicable (i.e. Grade “A” type, with a copper content of at least 99.99% (standard BS:EN 1978:1998 - Cu-CATH-1) is quoted on the LME. Less commonly used are alternative quotations of copper on stock exchanges in New York (COMEX) and Shanghai (Shanghai Futures Exchange). ![]() the global benchmark of copper prices for physical sales contracts of copper-bearing materials and products) is stock market quotations, with the cash settlement of the London Metal Exchange (LME) being most commonly used. For all of these products, the price benchmark (i.e. ![]() They are products of individual stages of copper ore processing and recycling of copper scrap. ![]() The primary products offered by the companies of the KGHM Group are concentrates, cathodes and copper wire rod. ![]()
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